Sodium Chloride

Sodium Chloride is part of the drug classes:

• Electrolyte solutions

• Salt solutions

• Sodium

General

• Frequent laboratory determinations and clinical evaluation of the patient are essential during therapy, especially during prolonged therapy, to monitor changes in fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.a b c d e g h l

• Sterile inhalation solutions of sodium chloride are commercially available in single-dose containers for inhalation via nebulization, for dilution of compatible drugs for nebulization, and for tracheal lavage and irrigation, and in metered-dose aerosols for dilution of compatible drugs for nebulization.a

Administration

Administer orally, by IV infusion, intravascularly as a priming fluid, or as an oral inhalation via nebulization.a b c e g h l o p

Administer thermodilution solution only via thermodilution catheter; do not administer by any other route.j

Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection is not for inhalation.f

IV Administration

For solution and drug compatibility information, see Compatibility under Stability.

Administer 3 and 5% solutions via a large peripheral vein with a well-placed small-bore needle; use care to avoid infiltration.a l

Administer 14.6 and 23.4% sodium chloride injections only after dilution.g h

Some manufacturers recommend use of a final filter.c

Discard unused portion of solutions that are preservative free or intended for single use only.d h j l

Prior to IV administration, dilute 14.6 and 23.4% sodium chloride injections (2.5 or 4 mEq/mL each of sodium and chloride) with a compatible IV solution.a g h Dilution amount is determined by the individual needs of the patient.g Sodium chloride concentrations of ≤5% sodium chloride have been administered.g

Sodium chloride 23.4% injection: Divide the required amount of mEqs of sodium chloride by 4 to calculate the volume (mL) of sodium chloride.h Withdraw this amount and transfer to the parenteral solution (e.g., 5% dextrose injection).h

When diluting additive drugs, consult prescribing information accompanying additives.b e (See Compatibility under Stability.)

Sodium chloride 3 or 5% infusion: Administer the solution slowly;l maximum 100 mL/hour.a l

Intravascular Administration

Administer intravascularly as a priming fluid in hemodialysis procedures.e

Injection via Thermodilution Catheter

For measurement of cardiac output, administer 0.9% sodium chloride injection (in Thermoject system) iced or at room temperature via a thermodilution catheter.j

Consult prescribing information for complete administration information.j

Dosage

Determine dosage based on the age, weight, clinical condition, and fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the patient.a b c d e f g h l

Normal physiologic osmolarity range is approximately 280–310 mOsm/L.c Administration of substantially hypertonic solutions (≥600 mOsm/L) may cause vein damage.c

Must be diluted prior to administration.g h

Pediatric Patients

Bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection is contraindicated in neonates.f (See Benzyl Alcohol Toxicity and see Pediatric Use under Cautions.)

Children: Determine dosage based on the patient's weight, clinical condition, and laboratory tests.d e l

Adults

1–2 g given 3 times daily.a

Usual adult sodium and chloride requirements met by 1 L of 0.9% sodium chloride injection daily;a e alternatively, 1–2 L of 0.45% sodium chloride injection daily.a

3 or 5% sodium chloride injection: Initially, 100 mL infused slowly over a 1-hour period.a l

Determine the need for additional dose(s) based on serum electrolyte concentrations, including chloride and bicarbonate.a l

Sodium chloride 14.6 and 23.4% additive solutions: Dosage is determined by the patient's individual needs.g h

0.9% (Thermoject) solution: 1–10 mL as required.j Use the smallest volume necessary to produce an adequate curve.j

Prescribing Limits

Adults

3 or 5% sodium chloride injection: Maximum 100 mL given over a 1-hour period.a l Maximum 400 mL in 24 hours.l

Special Populations

Hepatic Impairment

Select dosage with extreme caution in cirrhosis.a (See Hepatic Impairment under Cautions.)

Renal Impairment

Select dosage with extreme caution in diminished renal function or severe renal insufficiency; monitor sodium concentrations.a b c d e g l (See Renal Impairment under Cautions.)

Geriatric Patients

Select dosage with caution, usually initiating at the lower end of the usual range, because of age-related decreases in hepatic, renal, and/or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or drug therapy.c e l (See Geriatric Use under Cautions.)

Specific Drugs

• Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as any concomitant illnesses.b

• Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.b

• Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information.b (See Cautions.)

In the U.S.

• Kruschen Salts
• Ocu-Disal

Available Dosage Forms:

• Tablet
• Tablet for Suspension
• Powder for Suspension

Therapeutic Class: Sodium Supplement

Sodium chloride is used as an electrolyte replenisher to help prevent heat cramps caused by too much sweating. sodium chloride is also used for the preparation of normal isotonic solution of sodium chloride.

sodium chloride is available without prescription.

Call your doctor right away if your symptoms of heat cramps continue for more than 24 hours.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.

Consult your pharmacist.

How to use Sodium Chloride 1,000 Mg Soluble Tablet

Consult your pharmacist.