Red Yeast Rice
Name: Red Yeast Rice
- Red Yeast Rice missed dose
- Red Yeast Rice 600 mg
- Red Yeast Rice dosage
- Red Yeast Rice action
- Red Yeast Rice effects of
Uses
Red yeast rice has been used for lowering cholesterol levels.Some supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details regarding the particular brand you use.The FDA has not reviewed this product for safety or effectiveness. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details.
Overdose
If overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.
Notes
Keep all regular medical and laboratory appointments.A low-cholesterol/low-fat diet and exercise are important parts of controlling cholesterol levels and decreasing your risk of heart disease. Consult your doctor for more details.
Missed dose
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Interactions
Avoid using red yeast rice with cholesterol-lowering (statin) medications, cyclosporine, or grapefruit juice due to additive effects, which can increase risk of liver damage and rhabdomyolysis.
Dosage
Red yeast rice is available commercially, primarily in 600 mg capsule form. Most manufacturers suggest a dosage regimen of 2 capsules twice a day by mouth for a total dose of 2,400 mg/day. Commercial OTC products often contain coenzyme Q 10 to supplement the low levels of this enzyme found in patients with statin myopathy. 34 Past clinical trials have used dosages of 2,400 mg/day. 35 , 36
Bibliography
1. Erdoğrul O, Azirak S. Review of the studies on the red yeast rice ( Monascus purpureus ). Turkish Electronic Journal of Biotechnology . 2004;2(5):37-49.
2. Su CF, Liu IM, Cheng JT. Improvement of insulin resistance by Hon-Chi in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. Food Chemistry . 2007;104(1):45-52.
3. Hsieh PS, Tai YH. Aqueous extract of Monascus purpureus M9011 prevents and reverses fructose-induced hypertension in rats. J Agric Food Chem . 2003;51(14):3945-50.
4. Li Z, Seeram NP, Lee R, et al. Plasma clearance of lovastatin versus chinese red yeast rice in healthy volunteers. J Altern Complement Med . 2005;11(6):1031-1038.
5. Hong MY, Seeram NP, Zhang Y, Heber D. Anticancer effects of Chinese red yeast rice versus monacolin K alone on colon cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem . 2008;19(7):448-458.
6. Huang Z, Xu Y, Li L, Li Y. Two new Monascus metabolites with strong blue fluorescence isolated from red yeast rice. J Agric Food Chem . 2008;56(1):112-118.
7. Ma J, Li Y, Ye Q, et al. Constituents of red yeast rice, a traditional Chinese food and medicine. J Agric Food Chem . 2000;48(11):5220-5225.
8. Silveira ST, Daroit DJ, Brandelli A. Pigment production by Monascus purpureus in grape waste using factorial design. LWT-Food Sci Technol . 2008;41(1):170-174.
9. Li YG, Liu H, Wang ZT. A validated stability-indicating HPLC with photodiode array detector (PDA) method for the stress tests of Monascus purpureus -fermented rice, red yeast rice. J Pharm Biomed Anal . 2005;39(1-2):82-90.
10. Knecht A, Cramer B, Humpf HU. New Monascus metabolites: structure elucidation and toxicological properties studied with immortalized human kidney epithelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res . 2006;50(3):314-321.
11. Kim C, Jung H, Kim JH, Shin CS. Effect of Monascus pigment derivatives on the electrophoretic mobility of bacteria, and the cell adsorption and antibacterial activities of pigments. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces . 2006;47(2):153-159.
12. Hamano PS, Orozco SF, Kilikian BV. Concentration determination of extracellular and intracellular red pigments produced by Monascus sp . Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology . 2005;48:43-49.
13. Daroit DJ, Silveira ST, Hertz PF, Brandelli A. Production of extracellular β-glucosidase by Monascus purpureus on different growth substrates. Process Biochemistry . 2007;42(5):904-908.
14. Baranová M, Mal'a P, Burdova O, Hadbavný M, Sabolová G. Effect of natural pigment of Monascus Purpureus on the organoleptic characters of processed cheeses. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy . 2004;48:59-62.
15. Blanc PJ, Laussac JP, Le Bars J, et al. Characterization of monascidin A from Monascus as citrinin. Int J Food Microbiol . 1995;27(2-3):201-213.
16. Lee CL, Chen WP, Wang JJ, Pan TM. A simple and rapid approach for removing citrinin while retaining monacolin K in red mold rice. J Agric Food Chem . 2007;55(26):11101-11108.
17. Bianchi A. Extracts of Monascusus purpureus beyond statins-profile of efficacy and safety of the use of extracts of Monascus purpureus . Chin J Integr Med . 2005;11(4):309-313.
18. Kim C, Jung H, Kim YO, Shin CS. Antimicrobial activities of amino acid derivatives of Monascus pigments. FEMS Microbiol Lett . 2006;264(1):117-124.
19. Wong HC, Bau YS. Pigmentation and antibacterial activity of fast neutron- and X-ray-induced strains of Monascus purpureus Went. Plant Physiol . 1977;60(4):578-581.
20. Lin WY, Hsu WY, Hish CH, Pan TM. Proteome changes in Caco-2 cells treated with Monascus -fermented red mold rice extract. J Agric Food Chem . 2007;55(22):8987-8994.
21. Lin WY, Song CY, Pan TM. Proteomic analysis of Caco-2 cells treated with monacolin K. J Agric Food Chem . 2006;54(17):6192-6200.
22. Yasukawa K, Takahashi M, Yamanouchi S, Takido M. Inhibitory effect of oral administration of Monascus pigment on tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncology . 1996;53(3):247-249.
23. Yasukawa K, Takahashi M, Natori S, et al. Azaphilones inhibit tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mice. Oncology . 1994;51(1):108-112.
24. Chen CC, Liu IM. Release of acetylcholine by Hon-Chi to raise insulin secretion in Wistar rats. Neurosci Lett . 2006;404(1-2):117-121.
25. Chang JC, Wu MC, Liu IM, Cheng JT. Plasma glucose-lowering action of Hon-Chi in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Horm Metab Res . 2006;38(2):76-81.
26. Endo A. Monacolin K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent produced by a Monascus species. J Antibiot . 1979;32(8):852-854.
27. Gurr J, Chang M. Scientific product review (of Cholestin ). Pharmanex . 1997;(11):1-6.
28. Zhu Y, et al. Effects of Xuezhizang on blood lipids and lipoprotein concentrations of rabbits and quails with hyperlipidemia. Chin J Pharmacol . 1995;30(1):4-8.
29. Wang, et al. Chin J Exp Ther Prepar Chin Med . 1995;1:1-5.
30. Huang CF, Li TC, Lin CC, Liu CS, Shih HC, Lai MM. Efficacy of Monascus purpureus Went rice on lowering lipid ratios in hypercholesterolemic patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil . 2007;14(3):438-440.
31. Cicero AF, Brancaleoni M, Laghi L, Donati F, Mino M. Antihyperlipidaemic effect of a Monascus purpureus brand dietary supplement on a large sample of subjects at low risk for cardiovascular disease: a pilot study. Complement Ther Med . 2005;13(4):273-278.
32. Liu J, Zhang J, Shi Y, Grimsgaard S, Alraek T, Fønnebø V. Chinese red yeast rice ( Monascus purpureus ) for primary hyperlipidemia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chin Med . 2006;1:4.
33. Gutierrez G, Mundy B, Rossini G, Garrett I, Chen S, Mundy G. Red yeast rice stimulates bone formation in rats. Nutr Res . 2006;26(3):124-129.
34. Yang HT, Lin SH, Huang SY, Chou HJ. Acute administration of red yeast rice ( Monascus purpureus ) depletes tissue coenzyme Q(10) levels in ICR mice. Br J Nutr . 2005;93(1):131-135.
35. Keithley JK, Swanson B, Sha BE, Zeller JM, Kessler HA, Smith KY. A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of cholestin in treating HIV-related dyslipidemia. Nutrition . 2002;18(2):201-204.
36. Heber D, Yip I, Ashley JM, Elashoff DA, Elashoff RM, Go VL. Cholesterol-lowering effects of a proprietary Chinese red-yeast-rice dietary supplement. Am J Clin Nutr . 1999;69(2):231-236.
37. Kazmin A, Garcia-Bournissen F, Koren G. Risks of statin use during pregnancy: a systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can . 2007;29(11):906-908.
38. No authors listed. Statins: beware during pregnancy. Prescrire Int . 2006;15(81):18-19.
39. Prasad GV, Wong T, Meliton G, Bhaloo S. Rhabdomyolysis due to red yeast rice ( Monascus purpureus ) in a renal transplant recipient. Transplantation . 2002;74(8):1200-1201.
40. Wigger-Alberti W, Bauer A, Hipler UC, Elsner P. Anaphylaxis due to Monascus purpureus -fermented rice (red yeast rice). Allergy . 1999;54(12):1330-1331.
41. Hipler UC, Wigger-Alberti W, Bauer A, Elsner P. Case report. Monascus purpureus -a new fungus of allergologic relevance. Mycoses . 2002;45(1-2):58-60.
42. Vercelli L, Mongini T, Olivero N, Rodolico C, Musumeci O, Palmucci L. Chinese red rice depletes muscle coenzyme Q10 and maintains muscle damage after discontinuation of statin treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc . 2006;54(4):718-720.
43. Bennett JW, Klich M. Mycotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev . 2003;16(3):497-516.
2. Su CF, Liu IM, Cheng JT. Improvement of insulin resistance by Hon-Chi in fructose-rich chow-fed rats. Food Chemistry . 2007;104(1):45-52.
3. Hsieh PS, Tai YH. Aqueous extract of Monascus purpureus M9011 prevents and reverses fructose-induced hypertension in rats. J Agric Food Chem . 2003;51(14):3945-50.
4. Li Z, Seeram NP, Lee R, et al. Plasma clearance of lovastatin versus chinese red yeast rice in healthy volunteers. J Altern Complement Med . 2005;11(6):1031-1038.
5. Hong MY, Seeram NP, Zhang Y, Heber D. Anticancer effects of Chinese red yeast rice versus monacolin K alone on colon cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem . 2008;19(7):448-458.
6. Huang Z, Xu Y, Li L, Li Y. Two new Monascus metabolites with strong blue fluorescence isolated from red yeast rice. J Agric Food Chem . 2008;56(1):112-118.
7. Ma J, Li Y, Ye Q, et al. Constituents of red yeast rice, a traditional Chinese food and medicine. J Agric Food Chem . 2000;48(11):5220-5225.
8. Silveira ST, Daroit DJ, Brandelli A. Pigment production by Monascus purpureus in grape waste using factorial design. LWT-Food Sci Technol . 2008;41(1):170-174.
9. Li YG, Liu H, Wang ZT. A validated stability-indicating HPLC with photodiode array detector (PDA) method for the stress tests of Monascus purpureus -fermented rice, red yeast rice. J Pharm Biomed Anal . 2005;39(1-2):82-90.
10. Knecht A, Cramer B, Humpf HU. New Monascus metabolites: structure elucidation and toxicological properties studied with immortalized human kidney epithelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res . 2006;50(3):314-321.
11. Kim C, Jung H, Kim JH, Shin CS. Effect of Monascus pigment derivatives on the electrophoretic mobility of bacteria, and the cell adsorption and antibacterial activities of pigments. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces . 2006;47(2):153-159.
12. Hamano PS, Orozco SF, Kilikian BV. Concentration determination of extracellular and intracellular red pigments produced by Monascus sp . Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology . 2005;48:43-49.
13. Daroit DJ, Silveira ST, Hertz PF, Brandelli A. Production of extracellular β-glucosidase by Monascus purpureus on different growth substrates. Process Biochemistry . 2007;42(5):904-908.
14. Baranová M, Mal'a P, Burdova O, Hadbavný M, Sabolová G. Effect of natural pigment of Monascus Purpureus on the organoleptic characters of processed cheeses. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy . 2004;48:59-62.
15. Blanc PJ, Laussac JP, Le Bars J, et al. Characterization of monascidin A from Monascus as citrinin. Int J Food Microbiol . 1995;27(2-3):201-213.
16. Lee CL, Chen WP, Wang JJ, Pan TM. A simple and rapid approach for removing citrinin while retaining monacolin K in red mold rice. J Agric Food Chem . 2007;55(26):11101-11108.
17. Bianchi A. Extracts of Monascusus purpureus beyond statins-profile of efficacy and safety of the use of extracts of Monascus purpureus . Chin J Integr Med . 2005;11(4):309-313.
18. Kim C, Jung H, Kim YO, Shin CS. Antimicrobial activities of amino acid derivatives of Monascus pigments. FEMS Microbiol Lett . 2006;264(1):117-124.
19. Wong HC, Bau YS. Pigmentation and antibacterial activity of fast neutron- and X-ray-induced strains of Monascus purpureus Went. Plant Physiol . 1977;60(4):578-581.
20. Lin WY, Hsu WY, Hish CH, Pan TM. Proteome changes in Caco-2 cells treated with Monascus -fermented red mold rice extract. J Agric Food Chem . 2007;55(22):8987-8994.
21. Lin WY, Song CY, Pan TM. Proteomic analysis of Caco-2 cells treated with monacolin K. J Agric Food Chem . 2006;54(17):6192-6200.
22. Yasukawa K, Takahashi M, Yamanouchi S, Takido M. Inhibitory effect of oral administration of Monascus pigment on tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncology . 1996;53(3):247-249.
23. Yasukawa K, Takahashi M, Natori S, et al. Azaphilones inhibit tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mice. Oncology . 1994;51(1):108-112.
24. Chen CC, Liu IM. Release of acetylcholine by Hon-Chi to raise insulin secretion in Wistar rats. Neurosci Lett . 2006;404(1-2):117-121.
25. Chang JC, Wu MC, Liu IM, Cheng JT. Plasma glucose-lowering action of Hon-Chi in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Horm Metab Res . 2006;38(2):76-81.
26. Endo A. Monacolin K, a new hypocholesterolemic agent produced by a Monascus species. J Antibiot . 1979;32(8):852-854.
27. Gurr J, Chang M. Scientific product review (of Cholestin ). Pharmanex . 1997;(11):1-6.
28. Zhu Y, et al. Effects of Xuezhizang on blood lipids and lipoprotein concentrations of rabbits and quails with hyperlipidemia. Chin J Pharmacol . 1995;30(1):4-8.
29. Wang, et al. Chin J Exp Ther Prepar Chin Med . 1995;1:1-5.
30. Huang CF, Li TC, Lin CC, Liu CS, Shih HC, Lai MM. Efficacy of Monascus purpureus Went rice on lowering lipid ratios in hypercholesterolemic patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil . 2007;14(3):438-440.
31. Cicero AF, Brancaleoni M, Laghi L, Donati F, Mino M. Antihyperlipidaemic effect of a Monascus purpureus brand dietary supplement on a large sample of subjects at low risk for cardiovascular disease: a pilot study. Complement Ther Med . 2005;13(4):273-278.
32. Liu J, Zhang J, Shi Y, Grimsgaard S, Alraek T, Fønnebø V. Chinese red yeast rice ( Monascus purpureus ) for primary hyperlipidemia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chin Med . 2006;1:4.
33. Gutierrez G, Mundy B, Rossini G, Garrett I, Chen S, Mundy G. Red yeast rice stimulates bone formation in rats. Nutr Res . 2006;26(3):124-129.
34. Yang HT, Lin SH, Huang SY, Chou HJ. Acute administration of red yeast rice ( Monascus purpureus ) depletes tissue coenzyme Q(10) levels in ICR mice. Br J Nutr . 2005;93(1):131-135.
35. Keithley JK, Swanson B, Sha BE, Zeller JM, Kessler HA, Smith KY. A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of cholestin in treating HIV-related dyslipidemia. Nutrition . 2002;18(2):201-204.
36. Heber D, Yip I, Ashley JM, Elashoff DA, Elashoff RM, Go VL. Cholesterol-lowering effects of a proprietary Chinese red-yeast-rice dietary supplement. Am J Clin Nutr . 1999;69(2):231-236.
37. Kazmin A, Garcia-Bournissen F, Koren G. Risks of statin use during pregnancy: a systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can . 2007;29(11):906-908.
38. No authors listed. Statins: beware during pregnancy. Prescrire Int . 2006;15(81):18-19.
39. Prasad GV, Wong T, Meliton G, Bhaloo S. Rhabdomyolysis due to red yeast rice ( Monascus purpureus ) in a renal transplant recipient. Transplantation . 2002;74(8):1200-1201.
40. Wigger-Alberti W, Bauer A, Hipler UC, Elsner P. Anaphylaxis due to Monascus purpureus -fermented rice (red yeast rice). Allergy . 1999;54(12):1330-1331.
41. Hipler UC, Wigger-Alberti W, Bauer A, Elsner P. Case report. Monascus purpureus -a new fungus of allergologic relevance. Mycoses . 2002;45(1-2):58-60.
42. Vercelli L, Mongini T, Olivero N, Rodolico C, Musumeci O, Palmucci L. Chinese red rice depletes muscle coenzyme Q10 and maintains muscle damage after discontinuation of statin treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc . 2006;54(4):718-720.
43. Bennett JW, Klich M. Mycotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev . 2003;16(3):497-516.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health