Dicloxacillin

Dicloxacillin is part of the drug class:

• Beta lactamase resistant penicillins

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.

The FDA categorizes medications based on safety for use during pregnancy. Five categories - A, B, C, D, and X, are used to classify the possible risks to an unborn baby when a medication is taken during pregnancy.

Dicloxacillin falls into category B:

There are no well-done studies that have been done in humans with Dicloxacillin. But in animal studies, pregnant animals were given this medication, and the babies did not show any medical issues related to this medication.

OR

In animal studies, pregnant animals were given Dicloxacillin, and some babies had problems. But in human studies, pregnant women were given this medication and their babies did not have any problems related to this medication.

Dicloxacillin is available in the following forms:

• Oral Capsule
• Oral Suspension

You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to dicloxacillin or to any other penicillin antibiotic, such as:

• amoxicillin;

• ampicillin;

• carbenicillin;

• oxacillin; or

• penicillin.

To make sure dicloxacillin is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:

• asthma;

• a stomach illness (nausea, vomiting, digestive problems);

• liver disease;

• kidney disease;

• a bleeding or blood clotting disorder;

• a history of diarrhea caused by taking antibiotics; or

• a history of any type of allergy (especially cephalosporins such as Ceclor, Ceftin, Duricef, Keflex, and others).

It is not known whether this medicine will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.

Dicloxacillin can make birth control pills less effective. Ask your doctor about using a non hormonal birth control (condom, diaphragm with spermicide) to prevent pregnancy.

Dicloxacillin can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

Do not give this medicine to a child without medical advice.

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Usual Adult Dose for Bronchitis:

250 to 500 mg orally every 6 hours for 10 days, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.

Usual Adult Dose for Pharyngitis:

250 mg orally every 6 hours for 10 days, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.

Usual Adult Dose for Pneumonia:

500 mg orally every 6 hours for up to 21 days, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.

Usual Adult Dose for Skin or Soft Tissue Infection:

500 mg orally every 6 hours for 7 days, or for 3 days after acute inflammation resolves, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.

Usual Adult Dose for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection:

250 mg orally every 6 hours for 7 to 21 days, depending on the nature and severity of the infection.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Skin or Soft Tissue Infection:

>40 kg: 125 to 250 mg orally every 6 hours.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection:

>40 kg: 125 to 250 mg orally every 6 hours.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Osteomyelitis:

Following initial intravenous therapy:
>= 1 year:

>40 kg: 250 mg orally every 6 hours, not to exceed 2000 mg/24 hours.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Pneumonia:

>40 kg: 250 mg orally every 6 hours.

• If you have an allergy to dicloxacillin, any penicillin, or any other part of dicloxacillin.
• If you are allergic to any drugs like this one, any other drugs, foods, or other substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had, like rash; hives; itching; shortness of breath; wheezing; cough; swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat; or any other signs.
• If you are taking tetracycline.

This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with this medicine.

Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all of your drugs (prescription or OTC, natural products, vitamins) and health problems. You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take dicloxacillin with all of your drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug without checking with your doctor.

All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away:

• Upset stomach or throwing up.
• Loose stools (diarrhea).

These are not all of the side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects at http://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

• Store at room temperature.
• Store in a dry place. Do not store in a bathroom.
• Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.
• Check with your pharmacist about how to throw out unused drugs.

(dye kloks a SIL in)

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested.

Absorption

Rapid and incomplete; reduced by food

Distribution

Vd: 5.99 L; increased in patients with ESRD on IHD (Nauta 1976); CSF penetration is low

Excretion

Feces; urine (as unchanged drug)

Neonates: Prolonged

CF patients: More rapid excretion than healthy patients (Jusko 1975)

Time to Peak

Serum: 1 to 1.5 hours

Half-Life Elimination

~0.7 hours; prolonged with renal impairment (Nauta 1976)

Protein Binding

95% to 99%

Hypersensitivity to dicloxacillin, other penicillins, or any component of the formulation

False-positive urine and serum proteins; false-positive in uric acid, urinary steroids; may interfere with urinary glucose tests using cupric sulfate (Benedict's solution, Clinitest®); may inactivate aminoglycosides in vitro

Applies to dicloxacillin: oral capsules

Side effects include:

GI effects (nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, loose stools, diarrhea, flatulence); hypersensitivity reactions.

Following initial intravenous therapy:
>= 1 year:
<40 kg: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg orally every 6 hours, not to exceed 2000 mg/24 hours.

>40 kg: 250 mg orally every 6 hours, not to exceed 2000 mg/24 hours.

Dicloxacillin is best absorbed when administered on an empty stomach, preferably 1 to 2 hours before meals.

LactMed Record Number

90

Last Revision Date

20170601

Disclaimer

Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.