Indocyanine Green

Indocyanine Green for Injection USP is indicated:

For Determining Cardiac Output, Hepatic Function and Liver Blood Flow

For ophthalmic angiography

Indicator-Dilution Studies

In the performance of dye dilution curves, a known amount of dye is injected as a single bolus as rapidly as possible via a cardiac catheter into selected sites in the vascular system. A recording instrument (oximeter or densitometer) is attached to a needle or catheter for sampling of the dye‑blood mixture from a systemic arterial sampling site.

Under sterile conditions, the Indocyanine Green for Injection USP powder should be dissolved with the Sterile Water for Injection, USP provided for this product, and the solution used within 6 hours after it is prepared. If a precipitate is present, discard the solution.

The usual doses of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP for dilution curves are as follows:

Adults - 5.0 mg

Children - 2.5 mg

Infants - 1.25 mg

These doses of the dye are usually injected in 1 mL volume. An average of five dilution curves are recommended in the performance of a diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The total dose of dye injected should be kept below 2 mg/kg.

While sterile water for injection may be used to rinse the syringe, isotonic saline should be used to flush the residual dye from the cardiac catheter into the circulation so as to avoid hemolysis. With the exception of the rinsing of the dye injection syringe, saline should be used in all other parts of the catheterization procedure.

Calibrating Dye Curves: To quantitate the dilution curves, standard dilutions of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP in whole blood are made as follows. It is strongly recommended that the same dye that was used for the injections be used in the preparation of these standard dilutions. The most concentrated dye solution is made by accurately diluting 1 mL of the 5 mg/mL dye with 7 mL of distilled water. This concentration is then successively halved by diluting 4 mL of the previous concentration with 4 mL of distilled water.

If a 2.5 mg/mL concentration was used for the dilution curves, 1 mL of the 2.5 mg/mL dye is added to 3 mL of distilled water to make the most concentrated “standard” solution. This concentration is then successively halved by diluting 2 mL of the previous concentration with 2 mL of distilled water.

Then 0.2 mL portions (accurately measured from a calibrated syringe) of these dye solutions are added to 5 mL aliquots of the subject's blood, giving final concentrations of the dye in blood beginning with 24.0 mg/liter, approximately (actual concentration depends on the exact volume of dye added). This concentration is, of course, successively halved in the succeeding aliquots of the subject's blood. These aliquots of blood containing known amounts of dye, as well as a blank sample to which 0.2 mL of saline containing no dye has been added, are then passed through the detecting instrument and a calibration curve is constructed from the deflections recorded.

Hepatic Function Studies

Due to its absorption spectrum, changing concentrations of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP (Indocyanine Green for injection) in the blood can be monitored by ear densitometry or by obtaining blood specimens at timed intervals. The technique for both methods is as follows.

The patient should be studied in a fasting, basal state. The patient should be weighed and the dosage calculated on the basis of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight.

Under sterile conditions, the Indocyanine Green for Injection USP powder should be dissolved with the Sterile Water for Injection, USP provided. Exactly 5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP should be added to the 25 mg vial giving 5 mg of dye per mL of solution.

Inject the calculated amount of dye (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) into the lumen of an arm vein as rapidly as possible, without allowing the dye to escape outside the vein. (If the photometric method is used, prior to injecting Indocyanine Green for Injection USP, withdraw 6 mL of venous blood from the patient's arm for serum blank and standard curve construction, and through the same needle, inject the correct amount of dye.)

Ear Densitometry: Ear oximetry has also been used and makes it possible to monitor the appearance and disappearance of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP without the necessity of withdrawal and spectrophotometric analysis of blood samples for calibration. An ear densitometer which has a compensatory photo-electric cell to correct for changes in blood volume and hematocrit, and a detection photo cell which registers levels should be used. This device permits simultaneous measurement of cardiac output, blood volume and hepatic clearance of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP*. This technique has been employed in newborn infants, healthy adults and in children and adults with liver disease. The normal subject has a removal rate of 18 to 24% per minute. Due to the absence of extra-hepatic removal, Indocyanine Green for Injection USP was found to be suited for serial study of severe chronic liver disease and to provide a stable measurement of hepatic blood flow. In larger doses, Indocyanine Green for Injection USP can be used in detecting drug-induced alterations of hepatic function and in the detection of mild liver injury.

Using the ear densitometer, a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg in normal subjects gives the following clearance pattern.

*Dichromatic earpiece densitometer supplied by The Waters Company, Rochester, Minnesota.

Photometric Method -

Determination Using Percentage Retention of Dye:

A typical curve obtained by plotting dye concentration versus optical density is shown. The percent retention can be read from this plot. If more accurate results are desired, a curve using the patient's blood and the vial of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP being used in the determination can be constructed as follows:

1. Take 6 mL of non-dye-containing venous blood from the patient's arm. Place in a test tube and allow the blood to clot. The serum should be separated by centrifugation. 2. Pipette 1 mL of the serum into a microcuvette. 3. Add 1 lambda (λ) of the 5 mg/mL aqueous Indocyanine Green for Injection USP (sterile Indocyanine Green) solution to the serum, giving a dilution of 5 mg/liter, the standard for 50% retention. (The addition of 2 lambda (λ) of the 5 mg/mL Indocyanine Green for Injection USP solution would give 100% retention; however, this concentration cannot be read on the spectrophotometer.) 4. The optical density of this solution should be read at 805 nm, using normal serum as the blank. 5. Using graph paper similar to that used in the illustration, plot the 50% figure obtained in Step 4, and draw a line connecting this point with the zero coordinates.

Percentage Retention: A single 20-minute sample (withdrawn from a vein in the opposite arm to that injected) should be collected and allowed to clot, centrifuged and its optical density determined at 805 nm using the patient's normal serum as the blank. The dye concentration can be read from the curve above. A single 20-minute sample of serum in healthy subjects should contain no more than 4% of the initial concentration of the dye. The use of percentage retention is less accurate than percentage disappearance rate. Hemolysis is not expected to interfere with a reading.

Determination Using Disappearance Rate of Dye: To calculate the percentage disappearance rate, obtain samples at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after injecting the dye. Prepare the sample as in the previous section and measure the optical densities at 805 nm, using the patient's normal serum as the blank. The Indocyanine Green for Injection USP concentration in each timed specimen should be determined by using the concentration curve illustrated. Values should be plotted on semilogarithmic paper.

Specimens containing Indocyanine Green for Injection USP should be read at the same temperature since its optical density is influenced by temperature variations.

Normal Values: Percentage disappearance rate in healthy subjects is 18 to 24% per minute. Normal biological half-time is 2.5 to 3.0 minutes.

Ophthalmic Angiography Studies

The excitation and emission spectra (Figure 1) and the absorption spectra (Figure 2) of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP make it useful in ophthalmic angiography.

Dosages up to 40 mg Indocyanine Green for Injection USP dye in 2 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP should be used, depending on the imaging equipment and technique used. The antecubital vein can be injected with an Indocyanine Green for Injection USP dye bolus and should immediately be followed by a 5 mL bolus of normal saline.

Pregnancy

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Indocyanine Green for Injection USP. It is also not known whether Indocyanine Green for Injection USP can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Indocyanine Green for Injection USP should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly indicated.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Indocyanine Green for Injection USP is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have been established. See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION (2) for specific dosing information in pediatric patients.

Geriatric Use

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

Indocyanine Green for Injection USP is a sterile, lyophilized green powder containing 25 mg of Indocyanine Green with no more than 5% sodium iodide. It is packaged with Sterile Water for Injection, USP used to dissolve the Indocyanine Green. Indocyanine Green for Injection USP is to be administered intravenously.

Indocyanine Green is a water soluble, tricarbocyanine dye with a peak spectral absorption at 800 nm. The chemical name for Indocyanine Green is 1 H-Benz[e]indolium, 2-[7-[1,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-2H-benz[e] indol-2-ylidene]-1,3,5-heptatrienyl]-1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-,hydroxide, inner salt, sodium salt. Indocyanine Green for Injection USP has a pH of approximately 6.5 when reconstituted. Each vial of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP contains 25 mg of Indocyanine Green as a sterile lyophilized powder.

Indocyanine Green for Injection USP permits recording of the indicator-dilution curves for both diagnostic and research purposes independently of fluctuations in oxygen saturation. Following intravenous injection, Indocyanine Green for Injection USP is rapidly bound to plasma protein, of which albumin is the principle carrier (95%). Indocyanine Green for Injection USP undergoes no significant extrahepatic or enterohepatic circulation; simultaneous arterial and venous blood estimations have shown negligible renal, peripheral, lung or cerebro-spinal uptake of the dye. Indocyanine Green for Injection USP is taken up from the plasma almost exclusively by the hepatic parenchymal cells and is secreted entirely into the bile. After biliary obstruction, the dye appears in the hepatic lymph, independently of the bile, suggesting that the biliary mucosa is sufficiently intact to prevent diffusion of the dye, though allowing diffusion of bilirubin. These characteristics make Indocyanine Green for Injection USP a helpful index of hepatic function.

The peak absorption and emission of Indocyanine Green for Injection USP lie in a region (800 to 850 nm) where transmission of energy by the pigment epithelium is more efficient than in the region of visible light energy. Indocyanine Green for Injection USP also has the property of being nearly 98% bound to blood protein, and therefore, excessive dye extravasation does not take place in the highly fenestrated choroidal vasculature. It is, therefore, useful in both absorption and fluorescence infrared angiography of the choroidal vasculature when using appropriate filters and film in a fundus camera.

The plasma fractional disappearance rate at the recommended 0.5 mg/kg dose has been reported to be significantly greater in women than in men, although there was no significant difference in the calculated value for clearance.

Carton Label

Front Panel

NDC 70100-424-02

Indocyanine Green
for Injection, USP

For Intravenous Administration     25 mg/Vial Kit     Rx Only - Sterile

Distributed by:
Diagnostic Green LLC

Back Panel

NDC 70100-424-02

Indocyanine Green
for Injection, USP

Contents:
Six Indocyanine Green for Injection, USP vials (25 mg each)
Six Sterile Water for Injection, USP Vials (10 mL each)

Lot No.
Exp.

For Intravenous Administration     25 mg/Vial Kit     Rx Only - Sterile

Distributed by:
Diagnostic Green LLC
6/2016

Left Panel

Indocyanine Green
for Injection, USP

DIRECTIONS FOR USE ENCLOSED

CAUTION: To ensure accurate readings,
Indocyanine Green, USP dissolved in Sterile Water
for Injection, USP must be used within 6 hours.

STORAGE: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)
[See USP Controlled Room Temperature].

USAGE: See package insert for dosage information.

25 mg/Vial Kit

Right Panel

Indocyanine Green for
Injection, USP

Distributed by
Diagnostic Green LLC
Powell, Ohio 43065 USA

Manufactured by
Patheon Italia S.p.A.
20052 Monza (Milano) ITALY

Sterile Water Manufactured by:
Hospira, Inc.
Rocky Mount, NC 27804
or
Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC
Grand Island, NY 14072

Rx Only

25 mg/Vial Kit

Indocyanine Green  Indocyanine Green and water kit

Product Information Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL Item Code (Source) NDC:70100-424

Packaging # Item Code Package Description 1 NDC:70100-424-02 6 PACKAGE in 1 CARTON 1 1 KIT in 1 PACKAGE

Quantity of Parts Part # Package Quantity Total Product Quantity Part 1 1 VIAL 1  Part 2 1 VIAL, PLASTIC 10 mL

Part 1 of 2 Indocyanine Green  Indocyanine Green injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution

Product Information Route of Administration INTRAVENOUS DEA Schedule

Active Ingredient/Active Moiety Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength Indocyanine Green (Indocyanine Green ACID FORM) Indocyanine Green 25 mg

Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength SODIUM IODIDE

Packaging # Item Code Package Description 1 1 INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION in 1 VIAL

Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date ANDA ANDA040811 01/01/2008

Part 2 of 2 STERILE WATER  water injection

Product Information Item Code (Source) NDC:0409-4887 Route of Administration INTRAVENOUS DEA Schedule

Inactive Ingredients Ingredient Name Strength WATER

Packaging # Item Code Package Description 1 NDC:0409-4887-17 10 mL in 1 VIAL, PLASTIC

Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date NDA NDA018801 10/27/1982

Marketing Information Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date ANDA ANDA040811 01/01/2008

Labeler - Diagnostic Green GmbH (313348381)

Revised: 06/2016   Diagnostic Green GmbH

Following intravenous injection, IC-GREEN™ is rapidly bound to plasma protein, of which albumin is the principle carrier (95%). IC-GREEN™ undergoes no significant extrahepatic or enterohepatic circulation; simultaneous arterial and venous blood estimations have shown negligible renal, peripheral, lung or cerebro-spinal uptake of the dye. IC-GREEN™ is taken up from the plasma almost exclusively by the hepatic parenchymal cells and is secreted entirely into the bile. After biliary obstruction, the dye appears in the hepatic lymph, independently of the bile, suggesting that the biliary mucosa is sufficiently intact to prevent diffusion of the dye, though allowing diffusion of bilirubin. These characteristics make IC-GREEN™ a helpful index of hepatic function.

Indications:   For determining cardiac output, hepatic function and liver blood flow, and for ophthalmic angiography.

IC-GREEN™ contains sodium iodide and should be used with caution in patients who have a history of allergy to iodides.