Extraneal

Extraneal (icodextrin) Peritoneal Dialysis Solution is a peritoneal dialysis solution containing the colloid osmotic agent icodextrin. Icodextrin is a starch-derived, water-soluble glucose polymer linked by alpha (1-4) and less than 10% alpha (1-6) glucosidic bonds with a weight-average molecular weight between 13,000 and 19,000 Daltons and a number average molecular weight between 5,000 and 6,500 Daltons. The representative structural formula of icodextrin is:

Water for Injection, USP qs

HCl/NaOH may have been used to adjust pH.

Extraneal (icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution) contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents.

Calculated osmolarity: 282-286 mOsm/L; pH=5.0-6.0

Extraneal (icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution) is available for intraperitoneal administration only as a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear solution in AMBU-FLEXII, AMBU-FLEX III and ULTRABAG containers. The container systems are composed of poly vinyl chloride.

Solutions in contact with the plastic container can leach out certain of its chemical components in very small amounts within the expiration period, e.g., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), up to 5 parts per million; however, the safety of the plastic has been confirmed in tests in animals according to USP biological tests for plastic containers as well as by tissue culture toxicity studies.

Extraneal (icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution) is indicated for a single daily exchange for the long (8- to 16- hour) dwell during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) for the management of end-stage renal disease. Extraneal (icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution) is also indicated to improve (compared to 4.25% dextrose) long-dwell ultrafiltration and clearance of creatinine and urea nitrogen in patients with high average or greater transport characteristics, as defined using the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies).

Extraneal is part of the drug classes:

• Acidifiers

• CALCIUM

• Electrolyte solutions

• Magnesium

• Salt solutions

• Sodium

In the U.S.

• Extraneal

Available Dosage Forms:

• Solution

Therapeutic Class: Dialysis Solution

If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

• If your symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your doctor.
• Do not share your drugs with others and do not take anyone else's drugs.
• Keep a list of all your drugs (prescription, natural products, vitamins, OTC) with you. Give this list to your doctor.
• Talk with the doctor before starting any new drug, including prescription or OTC, natural products, or vitamins.
• This medicine comes with an extra patient fact sheet called a Medication Guide. Read it with care. Read it again each time Extraneal is refilled. If you have any questions about this medicine, please talk with the doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
• If you think there has been an overdose, call your poison control center or get medical care right away. Be ready to tell or show what was taken, how much, and when it happened.

This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take Extraneal or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to Extraneal. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. You must talk with the healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine.

Review Date: October 4, 2017

Extraneal is a clear, colorless peritoneal dialysis solution containing icodextrin as the primary osmotic ingredient at a concentration of 7.5% (7.5 grams icodextrin per 100 milliliters) in an electrolyte solution with 40 mEq/L lactate.

Extraneal is available in the following containers and fill volumes:

Extraneal (icodextrin) Peritoneal Dialysis Solution is a solution intended for intraperitoneal administration that contains the colloid osmotic agent icodextrin. Icodextrin is a starch-derived, water-soluble glucose polymer linked by alpha (1-4) and less than 10% alpha (1-6) glucosidic bonds with a weight-average molecular weight between 13,000 and 19,000 Daltons and a number average molecular weight between 5,000 and 6,500 Daltons. The representative structural formula of icodextrin is:

Each 100 mL of Extraneal contains:

Electrolyte content per liter:

Water for Injection, USP qs

HCl/NaOH may have been used to adjust pH.

Extraneal contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents.

Calculated osmolarity: 282-286 mOsm/L; pH=5.0-6.0

Extraneal is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear solution packaged in AMBU-FLEX II and ULTRABAG containers. The container systems are composed of polyvinyl chloride.

Solutions in contact with the plastic container can leach out certain of its chemical components in very small amounts within the expiration period, e.g., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), up to 5 parts per million; however, the safety of the plastic has been confirmed in tests in animals according to USP biological tests for plastic containers as well as by tissue culture toxicity studies.

Extraneal has demonstrated efficacy as a peritoneal dialysis solution in clinical trials of approximately 480 patients studied with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Ultrafiltration, Urea and Creatinine Clearance

In the active-controlled trials of one to six months in duration, described below, Extraneal used once-daily for the long dwell in either continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) therapy resulted in higher net ultrafiltration than 1.5% and 2.5% dextrose solutions, and higher creatinine and urea nitrogen clearances than 2.5% dextrose. Net ultrafiltration was similar to 4.25% dextrose across all patients in these studies. Effects were generally similar in CAPD and APD.

In an additional randomized, multicenter, active-controlled two-week study in high average/high transporter APD patients, Extraneal used once daily for the long dwell produced higher net ultrafiltration compared to 4.25% dextrose. Mean creatinine and urea nitrogen clearances were also greater with Extraneal and ultrafiltration efficiency was improved.

In 175 CAPD patients randomized to Extraneal (N=90) or 2.5% dextrose solution (N=85) for the 8-15 hour overnight dwell for one month, mean net ultrafiltration for the overnight dwell was significantly greater in the Extraneal group at weeks 2 and 4 (Figure 1). Mean creatinine and urea nitrogen clearances were also greater with EXTRANAL ((Figure 1).

Figure 1 - Mean Net Ultrafiltration, Mean Creatinine and Urea Nitrogen Clearance for the Overnight Dwell

In another study of 39 APD patients randomized to Extraneal or 2.5% dextrose solution for the long, daytime dwell (10-17 hours) for three months, the net ultrafiltration reported during the treatment period was (mean ± SD) 278 ± 192 mL for the Extraneal group and -138 ± 352 mL for the dextrose group (p<0.001). Mean creatinine and urea nitrogen clearances were significantly greater for Extraneal than 2.5% dextrose at weeks 6 and 12 (p<0.001).

In a six-month study in CAPD patients comparing Extraneal (n=28) with 4.25% dextrose (n=31), net ultrafiltration achieved during an 8-hour dwell averaged 510 mL for Extraneal and 556 mL for 4.25% dextrose. For 12-hour dwells, net ultrafiltration averaged 575 mL for Extraneal (n=29) and 476 mL for 4.25% dextrose (n=31). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to ultrafiltration.

In a two week study in high average/high transporter APD patients (4-hour D/P creatinine ratio >0.70 and a 4-hour D/D0 ratio <0.34, as defined by the peritoneal equilibration test (PET)), comparing Extraneal (n=47) to 4.25% dextrose (n=45), after adjusting for baseline, the mean net ultrafiltration achieved during a 14 ± 2 hour dwell was significantly greater in the Extraneal group than the 4.25% dextrose group at weeks 1 and 2 (p<0.001, see Figure 2). Consistent with increases in net ultrafiltration, there were also significantly greater creatinine and urea nitrogen clearances and ultrafiltration efficiency in the Extraneal group (p<0.001, see Figure 2).

Figure 2 – Mean Net Ultrafiltration, Creatinine and Urea Nitrogen Clearances and Ultrafiltration Efficiency for the Long Dwell in High Average/High Transporter Patients

Peritoneal Membrane Transport Characteristics

After one year of treatment with Extraneal during the long dwell exchange, there were no differences in membrane transport characteristics for urea and creatinine. The mass transfer area coefficients (MTAC) for urea, creatinine, and glucose at one year were not different in patients receiving treatment with Extraneal or 2.5% dextrose solution for the long dwell.